Fake News In India And Indonesia S Elections 2019



(The Diplomat) – As two of the largest democracies in the world gear up for elections in April and May 2019, it is worth paying close attention to the potential impact of fake news. Fake news is a spectrum of phenomena comprising of falsehoods and even true information disseminated deliberately as well as unintentionally to confuse. Misinformation and more recently, rampant deployment of disinformation campaigns through technological platforms have become a concern in recent elections.
The Brazilian elections in October 2018 provided a blueprint on how private chat app WhatsApp can be used to create a vortex of disinformation to sway votes. Recent state-level elections in India have also proven such a strategy successful.

Indonesia: Hoaxes, Social Media, and Electoral Politics
With 130 million active users, social media is becoming an important aspect of Indonesian politics and by extension, fake news.
In the final weeks before the presidential and legislative elections on April 17, the spread of fake news has spiked. According to data from the Indonesian Anti-Slander Society (MAFINDO), fake news (popularly termed “hoaxes”) have increased by 61 percent between December last year and January 2019. Most of the hoaxes are found on social networking platform Facebook. The Indonesian Ministry for Communication and Information Technology reported more than 700 election-related hoaxes in March 2019.
With particular reference to disinformation (information that is false and the person disseminating it is aware that it is false), Facebook also announced that they had removed accounts related to the Saracen Group, an online syndicate, an indication that such activities had been present. The group was accused of creating fake news on behalf of clients, some of whom were linked to the December 2, 2016 demonstrations against then-Jakarta governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok). A website that tried to cast Prabowo’s running mate, Sandiaga Uno’s personal life in a negative light was also discovered in September 2018. Twitter bots had been instrumental in publicizing the website.
The exploitation of technological platforms for political gains is therefore a growing concern leading up to the elections. In several previous elections, hoaxes had manipulated identity politics in an attempt to sway votes. During election campaigning periods in 2012 and 2014, for instance, current President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s Javanese Muslim identity had been questioned, with hoaxes casting him and members of his family as Chinese and Christians, labels that carry connotations of ethnic and religious minority statuses in Indonesia. The 2017 gubernatorial elections in Jakarta, which saw the defeat of incumbent Ahok, a Chinese Christian, had been preceded by a hoax campaign, which manipulated religion for political gains.
While the impact of hoaxes on electoral behavior is not always straightforward, the question of how distorted information is cognitively processed should be pondered. In the 2019 elections, some Indonesian survey companies have argued that hoaxes may reduce the electability of targeted candidates. Hoaxes could also erode Indonesian society’s interest in the candidates and electoral process. For instance, it has been suggested that the rampant spread of hoaxes could increase voting abstinence in the current elections. The misuse of hoaxes for political advantage thus remains a possibility in the upcoming elections.

India: WhatsApp, Disinformation, and Political Violence
In India as well, the use of technological platforms for political mobilization remains a key concern ahead of the national elections in April and May.
The popularity of WhatsApp in India, with more than 200 million users, is pivotal to this strategy. The incumbent Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), helmed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has pioneered and near perfected the art of disinformation campaigns through WhatsApp. Armed with an army of nearly a million ‘WhatsApp volunteers,” the ruling party has drawn up plans to establish at least three WhatsApp groups in every one of India’s 927,533 polling booths. This would give the party a theoretical reach of 700 million Indians. To compete, the Congress party, led by Rahul Gandhi, has launched its “Digital Sathi” app and built its own network of volunteers and WhatsApp groups.
The fact that the 2019 elections have been dubbed India’s first “WhatsApp Elections” means that several ramifications could come about as a result.

First, while disinformation campaigns are not new to Indian elections, a seismic shift in the Indian polity that must be understood. During the last elections in 2014, only 21 percent of Indians owned a smartphone. Ahead of the polls in 2019, that number is estimated to have nearly doubled. The leap in access to technology, however, has not been matched by digital literacy, with many Indians dependent only on social media platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp for news and information.
WhatsApp groups with a bombardment of daily propaganda, shared in part by known people, can easily create a stranglehold over information, forging disinformation cocoons ripe for political mobilization.
Second, there is also a real fear over the potential for large-scale violence. WhatsApp has been effectively used by Hindu nationalist vigilantes to justify and coordinate attacks in the name of “cow-protection,” with Muslims and Dalits often on the receiving end of violence. In election season, the disinformation has focused on accusing opposition parties of facilitating the decline of the Hindu majority and the rise of Islam and Muslims in India. This includes propaganda on the role of the Congress party in preventing the building of the Ram temple in Ayodhya and claims of a surging Muslim population facilitated by the abduction and seduction of Hindu women (Love Jihad). After the recent Pulwama attack on Indian troops in Jammu-Kashmir by the Pakistan-based Islamist militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed, WhatsApp groups and other social media platforms were rife with disinformation linking Rahul Gandhi and his family to the attack.
It is not a stretch to imagine coordinated attempts via WhatsApp to whip up a frenzy and violence for political mobilization purposes ahead of the elections.

Fake News and Elections: Going Forward
Through the case-studies of India and Indonesia, it is clear that technology and distorted information deployed during emotive times makes for a potentially combustible combination that may otherwise not be activated. It is thus more pressing than ever to better understand how disinformation campaigns and misinformation play out on social media, particularly during elections.
 


Artikel ini hanyalah simpanan cache dari url asal penulis yang berkebarangkalian sudah terlalu lama atau sudah dibuang :

https://www.malaysia-today.net/2019/04/10/fake-news-in-india-and-indonesias-elections-2019/

Kempen Promosi dan Iklan
Kami memerlukan jasa baik anda untuk menyokong kempen pengiklanan dalam website kami. Serba sedikit anda telah membantu kami untuk mengekalkan servis percuma aggregating ini kepada semua.

Anda juga boleh memberikan sumbangan anda kepada kami dengan menghubungi kami di sini
Lewat Dxi 2019 Pln Dukung Terangnya Pulau Destinasi Wisata Indonesia

Lewat Dxi 2019 Pln Dukung Terangnya Pulau Destinasi Wisata Indonesia

papar berkaitan - pada 8/4/2019 - jumlah : 226 hits
Dengan tagline Electricity Energy Optimism for A Better Life PLN berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam kegiatan DXI 2019 sebuah perhelatan besar tahunan yang menghadirkan pameran lomba dan diskusi seputar olah raga wisata bahari selam ajang pet...
Vivo Dukung Pubg Mobile Club Open Indonesia 2019

Vivo Dukung Pubg Mobile Club Open Indonesia 2019

papar berkaitan - pada 8/4/2019 - jumlah : 243 hits
Ajang ini merupakan babak penyisihan nasional yang diikuti 16 tim eSports untuk berebut tiket di turnamen PUBG MOBILE Club Open 2019 Shanghai China
Hingga Febuari 2019 Ekspor Toyota Indonesia Naik 4 Persen

Hingga Febuari 2019 Ekspor Toyota Indonesia Naik 4 Persen

papar berkaitan - pada 31/3/2019 - jumlah : 256 hits
Pada Januari Februari 2019 ekspor kendaraan utuh atau Completely Build Up Toyota dari Indonesia naik empat persen menjadi 30 550 unit dibandingkan periode yang sama pada tahun 2018 yang mencapai 29 500 unit
Indonesia Impor Ac Anggur Hingga Kurma Di Maret 2019

Indonesia Impor Ac Anggur Hingga Kurma Di Maret 2019

papar berkaitan - pada 15/4/2019 - jumlah : 211 hits
Kepala BPS Suhariyanto mengatakan kenaikan impor ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh impor beberapa barang konsumsi yang mengalami peningkatan Adapun di antaranya adalah air conditioner anggur dan jeruk mandarin
Bandung Nasyid Awards 2019 Proyeksikan Jadi Barometer Nasyid Di Indonesia

Bandung Nasyid Awards 2019 Proyeksikan Jadi Barometer Nasyid Di Indonesia

papar berkaitan - pada 5/4/2019 - jumlah : 299 hits
Menjelang hadirnya bulan suci Ramadan 1440 H Asosiasi Nasyid Nusantara Jawa Barat akan kembali memberikan penghargaan kepada para pegiat nasyid dengan menggelar acara Malam Anugrah Bandung Nasyid Awards 2019 yang akan dilaksanakan pada hari...
Singapore S Fake News Bill Is Bad News For Facebook

Singapore S Fake News Bill Is Bad News For Facebook

papar berkaitan - pada 3/4/2019 - jumlah : 254 hits
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said he welcomed more regulation of big tech but he probably didn t mean this A new bill in Singapore which had its first reading Monday would give the government sweeping new powers to crack down on so called f...
2 Police Reports Made Over Fake News Involving Guan Eng

2 Police Reports Made Over Fake News Involving Guan Eng

papar berkaitan - pada 31/3/2019 - jumlah : 242 hits
PUTRAJAYA Two police reports have been lodged over the dissemination of fake messages and news relating to Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng on social media Lim s press secretary Lutfi Hakim in a statement today said the two reports were made a...
Badminton Terbuka India 2019 Mei Kuan Meng Yean Gagal Di Akhir

Badminton Terbuka India 2019 Mei Kuan Meng Yean Gagal Di Akhir

papar berkaitan - pada 1/4/2019 - jumlah : 602 hits
Impian untuk memenangi kejuaraan Terbuka kedua berkecai bagi pasangan beregu Chow Mei Kuan Lee Meng Yean Pasangan beregu wanita negara yang menduduki ranking ke 17 dunia itu terpaksa akur kepada kehebatan beregu wanita dari Indonesia Apriya...
Ph Must Safeguard Its Voter Base To Land Second Term For Anwar Says Analyst

Tetaplah Beriadah Di Bulan Ramadan

Perumahan Izara Bayu Sutera Kediaman Idaman Tepi Tasik Dengan Ciri Smart Home

Sesi Tukar Duit Raya Di Maybank

8 Resepi Air Balang Viral Di Bazar Ramadhan

Lirik Lagu Raya Mana Nabila Razali

Diet If Yang Berkesan Menurut Pakar

Fungi Wechat Yang Ramai Tak Tahu



Koleksi 15 Lagu Hari Raya Terbaru Yang Meriahkan Aidilfitri 2024 Bakal Evergreen Bak Lagu Lama

6 Pantang Larang Penting Kalau Nak Selamat di Sekolah Asrama

Info Dan Sinopsis Filem 19 Puasa Playboys Of Plastik Hitam Astro First

Casimir Zeglen Paderi Yang Mencipta Jaket Kalis Peluru

Biodata Mohammad Rifdean Masdor Atlet Muay Thai Malaysia Yang Gegarkan One Championship Seangkatan Johan Ghazali Jojo


5 Hidden Features Of Wordpress Com

Hospital Kuala Pilah

From Gear To Gear Exploring The Mechanics Of Ram And Dodge Transmissions

Satisfy Your Pup S Cravings Exploring The World Of Natural Dog Treats

Semua Pm Setuju Isu Subsidi Bersasar

Rancangan Televisyen Itali Menjemput Bayi Kembar Sembilan