Covid 19 Toilets May Be Spreading Virus Throughout Apartment Buildings



(Bloomberg) – The discovery of coronavirus in the bathroom of an unoccupied apartment in Guangzhou, China, suggests the airborne pathogen may have wafted upwards through drain pipes, an echo of a large Sars outbreak in Hong Kong 17 years ago.
Traces of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in February on the sink, faucet and shower handle of a long-vacant apartment, researchers at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention said in a study published this month in Environment International. The contaminated bathroom was directly above the home of five people confirmed a week earlier to have Covid-19.
The scientists conducted “an on-site tracer simulation experiment” to see whether the virus could be spread through waste pipes via tiny airborne particles that can be created by the force of a toilet flush. They found such particles, called aerosols, in bathrooms 10 and 12 levels above the Covid-19 cases. Two cases were confirmed on each of those floors in early February, raising concern that SARS-CoV-2-laden particles from stool had drifted into their homes via plumbing.
The new report is reminiscent of a case at Hong Kong’s Amoy Gardens private housing estate almost two decades ago, when 329 residents caught severe acute respiratory syndrome, or Sars, in part because of faulty sewage pipelines. Forty-two residents died, making it the most devastating community outbreak of Sars, which is also caused by a coronavirus.
“Although transmission via the shared elevator cannot be excluded, this event is consistent with the findings of the Amoy Gardens Sars outbreak in Hong Kong in 2003,” Song Tang, a scientist with the China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, and colleagues wrote in the study, which cited unpublished data from the health agency.
Apartments in multistorey buildings may be linked via a shared wastewater system, said Lidia Morawska, director of the International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health at Australia’s Queensland University of Technology. While solids and liquids descend the network, sewer gases – often detectable by their odour – sometimes rise through pipes in the absence of sufficient water, said Morawska, who wasn’t part of the research team.
“If there’s smell, it means that somehow air has been transported to where it shouldn’t go,” Morawska said in an interview.
RESPIRATORY DROPLETS
SARS-CoV-2 spreads mainly through respiratory droplets – spatters of saliva or discharge from the nose, according to the World Health Organisation. Since the first weeks of the pandemic, however, scientists in China have said infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus in the stool of Covid-19 patients may also play a role in transmission. A February study of 73 patients hospitalised with the coronavirus in Guangdong province found more than half tested positive for the virus in their stool.
Previous research has shown that toilet flushes can generate germ-laden aerosols from the excreta, the China CDC scientists said. Those particles can remain in the air for long periods and be dispersed over distances of more than 1 meter (3 feet), particularly in confined, poorly ventilated spaces.
Faecal aerosolisation occurred with Sars, and it’s possible that it may rarely occur with SARS-CoV-2, depending on sewage systems, said Malik Peiris, chair of virology at the University of Hong Kong’s School of Public Health. The China CDC study found traces of virus, “which is not the same thing as infectious virus,” he said. “But one has to keep the possibility in mind.”
FAECAL PLUME
In the Amoy Gardens case, warm, moist air from the bathroom of a Sars patient excreting “extremely high concentrations” of virus in faeces and urine established a plume in an air shaft that spread the airborne virus to other apartments, research showed.
Although toilets are a daily necessity, they “may promote faecal-derived aerosol transmission if used improperly, particularly in hospitals,” the China CDC researchers said. They cited a fluid-dynamics simulation that showed a “massive upward transport of virus aerosol particles” during flushing, leading to large-scale virus spread indoors.
“The study finds high plausibility for airborne transmission and outlines the evidence in great detail,” said Raina MacIntyre, professor of global biosecurity at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, who was part of an international team invited to collaborate with China CDC on the study.
A shared toilet was implicated in a SARS-CoV-2 infection that likely occurred on an evacuation flight from Milan to South Korea in late March, researchers said in a report in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Emerging Infectious Diseases journal.
AIRPLANE TOILET
A 28-year-old woman developed Covid-19 symptoms about a week after the flight, during which she wore an N95 respirator mask, except when she used a toilet. The toilet was shared by other passengers, including one seated three rows away who was infected but had no symptoms. Because of strict infection control procedures implemented immediately before and during the flight, the authors concluded that the most plausible explanation for the infection is that it was acquired via indirect contact with an asymptomatic passenger while using an onboard toilet.
Previous investigations confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 genetic material was found on toilets used by Covid-19 patients, in the air in hospital nurses’ stations, on air outlet vents, and multiple other sites. The extent to which faecal aerosol plumes are infecting people with the SARS-CoV-2 virus isn’t known, said Queensland’s Morawska.
“There are lots of situations where things happen and are pretty unusual,” said Morawska, who was part of a team that studied the Amoy Gardens contagion. Scientists should investigate the “unusual situations” because, by understanding them, they may find “they’re not that unusual.”
 


Artikel ini hanyalah simpanan cache dari url asal penulis yang berkebarangkalian sudah terlalu lama atau sudah dibuang :

https://www.malaysia-today.net/2020/08/27/covid-19-toilets-may-be-spreading-virus-throughout-apartment-buildings/

Kempen Promosi dan Iklan
Kami memerlukan jasa baik anda untuk menyokong kempen pengiklanan dalam website kami. Serba sedikit anda telah membantu kami untuk mengekalkan servis percuma aggregating ini kepada semua.

Anda juga boleh memberikan sumbangan anda kepada kami dengan menghubungi kami di sini
Covid 19 Virus Covid 19 Mutasi Jenis D614g Super Spreader Dikesan Di Malaysia

Covid 19 Virus Covid 19 Mutasi Jenis D614g Super Spreader Dikesan Di Malaysia

papar berkaitan - pada 16/8/2020 - jumlah : 303 hits
MUTASI jenis D614G dikesan daripada pengasingan kultur virus Covid 19 untuk tiga kes daripada Kluster PUI Sivagangga dan satu kes daripada Kluster Ulu Tiram iaitu individu daripada Filipina Ketua Pengarah Kesihatan Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdu...
Health Experts Call For Rmco Extension In Light Of New Covid 19 Clusters Latest Super Spreader Virus Strain

Health Experts Call For Rmco Extension In Light Of New Covid 19 Clusters Latest Super Spreader Virus Strain

papar berkaitan - pada 18/8/2020 - jumlah : 348 hits
Former deputy health minister Dr Lee Boon Chye said it is likely the RMCO will be extended past August 31 though it may be named differently Picture by Farhan NajibKUALA LUMPUR Aug 18 Health experts and a former Cabinet member have expresse...
Warna Dahak Bisa Deteksi Adanya Virus Corona Covid 19 Begini Cirinya

Warna Dahak Bisa Deteksi Adanya Virus Corona Covid 19 Begini Cirinya

papar berkaitan - pada 4/9/2020 - jumlah : 211 hits
Virus corona Covid 19 tidak hanya menyebabkan batuk pilek dan demam tinggi Tetapi virus corona Covid 19 ini juga menghasilkan lebih banyak dahak dari biasanya Menurut para ilmuwan China seseorang berisiko mengeluarkan lebih banyak dahak dar...
Fishing Boat Outbreak May Offer Virus Immunity Insight Study

Fishing Boat Outbreak May Offer Virus Immunity Insight Study

papar berkaitan - pada 19/8/2020 - jumlah : 248 hits
A fishing boat provided unexpected insight into how antibodies may protect against coronavirus reinfection AFP Photo Three crew of a Seattle fishing boat who were found to have antibodies able to neutralise the new coronavirus remained unin...
Virus Covid 19 D614g Kluster Sivagangga 10 Kali Mudah Merebak Daripada Covid 19 Biasa

Virus Covid 19 D614g Kluster Sivagangga 10 Kali Mudah Merebak Daripada Covid 19 Biasa

papar berkaitan - pada 16/8/2020 - jumlah : 405 hits
Patutlah kes Kluster Sivagangga merebak dengan pantas dari kluster kluster lain Institut Penyelidikan Perubatan IMR telah mengesahkan mutasi jenis D614 telan dikesan untuk kontak rapat kes Sivagangga dan juga 1 kes dari Ulu Tiram Virus Covi...
11 Kontak Rapat Pesakit Malaysia Bebas Covid 19

11 Kontak Rapat Pesakit Malaysia Bebas Covid 19

papar berkaitan - pada 20/8/2020 - jumlah : 327 hits
BANGKOK 20 OGOS Sebelas individu yang mempunyai kontak rapat dengan seorang lelaki Malaysia yang diuji positif Covid 19 selepas pulang ke Kuala Lumpur dari Bangkok telah disahkan negatif virus itu Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Kawalan Penyakit Suw...
Seorang Wn Malaysia Meninggal Saat Dirawat Di Ruang Isolasi Covid 19 Rsud Samarinda

Seorang Wn Malaysia Meninggal Saat Dirawat Di Ruang Isolasi Covid 19 Rsud Samarinda

papar berkaitan - pada 20/8/2020 - jumlah : 295 hits
Seorang warga negara Malaysia RR meninggal dunia saat dirawat di ruang isolasi Covid 19 RSUD AW Syachranie Samarinda Kalimantan Timur RR merupakan pekerja perusahaan di Kembang Janggut Kutai Kartanegara Jenazah RR akan dikremasi
Dua Legislator Positif Covid 19 Dprd Pekanbaru Stop Terima Tamu

Dua Legislator Positif Covid 19 Dprd Pekanbaru Stop Terima Tamu

papar berkaitan - pada 20/8/2020 - jumlah : 278 hits
Langkah ke depan kita masih nunggu arahan pimpinan Senin depan Rencana akan ada rapat tindaklanjut soal adanya dua anggota dewan yang positif Covid ucap Rika
Cara Polda Kaltara Merayakan Hari Kemerdekaan Ri Ke 75 Di Tengah Pandemi Covid 19

Cara Polda Kaltara Merayakan Hari Kemerdekaan Ri Ke 75 Di Tengah Pandemi Covid 19

papar berkaitan - pada 20/8/2020 - jumlah : 264 hits
Karo SDM Polda Kaltara AKBP I Wayan Gede Ardana menyampaikan pihaknya ingin menertibkan internalnya dulu dengan melaksanakan lomba antar satker Polda Kaltara tentang protokol kesehatan covid 19
Let S Not Return To The Old Ways Of Tight Media Control

Air Terjun Tujuh Puteri Bukit Sri Permata

Bank Islam Berwajah Baru Melalui Aplikasi Dan Web

Company Director Scammed Of Over Rm1mil By Inspector Harun

O G Firm Right To Dismiss Worker For Refusing Covid 19 Jab Says Industrial Court

How To Survive Thanksgiving Travel

Kyrkoherden Och Draken En F Rh Xande Saga Om Mod Och V Nskap Fr N Antika Spanien

Dayang Nurfaizah Mencintai Cinta Chord


echo '';
Senarai Lagu Tugasan Konsert Minggu 1 Gegar Vaganza 2024 Musim 11

Info Dan Sinopsis Drama Berepisod Dhia Kasyrani Slot Akasia TV3

Biodata Terkini Reshmonu Peserta Gegar Vaganza 2024 Musim 11 GV11 Penyanyi Lagu Hey Waley

Gegar Vaganza 2024 GV 11 Hadiah Tiket Peserta Juri Format Pemarkahan Dan Segala Info Tonton Live Di Astro Ria Dan Sooka

6 Janji Donald Trump Kalau Dia Naik Jadi Presiden Semula


The American Society Of Cinematographers Over And Above The Frame Casin

Hoya Pro1 Uv Filter

Orang Tua Sekarang Membunuh Anaknya Secara Halus

Apabila Wanita Tertinggi Dan Paling Pendek Bertemu

Seorang Sahaja Zul Ariffin Tersasul Doa Minta 4 Isteri

Isu Artis Mangsa Buli Syafiq Yusof Gesa Produksi Main Peranan Perlu Wujudkan Suasana Friendly